Identification of flavouring substances of genotoxic concern present in e-cigarette refills

E-cigarettes have become very popular, a trend that has been stimulated by the wide variety of available e-liquid flavours. Considering large number flavours (>7000), there is an urgent need to establish screening strategy prioritize flavouring substances highest concern for human health. In present study, prioritization combining analytical screening, in silico tools and literature data was developed identify potentially genotoxic flavourings. Based on analysis 129 e-liquids collected Belgian market, 60 flavourings with positive predictions genotoxicity were identified. By using data, excluded 33 them whereas 5, i.e. estragole, safrole, 2-furylmethylketon, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyl-3(2H)-furanone transhexanal, clear vivo genotoxicity. A selection 4 out remaining 22 tested two vitro assays. Three four induced gene mutations chromosome damage vitro, equivocal results obtained fourth compound. Thus, although legislative framework which excludes use CMR compounds e-liquids, are might pose health risk e-cigarette users.